当我休学之后，我再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课，把时间拿去听那些我有兴趣的课。这一点也不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家裡的地板上，靠着回收可乐空罐的退费五分钱买吃的，每个星期天晚上得走七哩的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的Hare Krishna神庙吃顿好饭，我喜欢Hare Krishna神庙的饭。就这样追随我的好奇与直觉，大部分我所投入过的事务，后来看来都成了无比珍贵的经历（And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on）。
我再说一次，你无法预先把每件事情点点滴滴串连起来；只有在未来回顾时，你才会明白那一桩桩小事，点点滴滴是如何串在一起的（you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards）。所以你得相信，眼前你经历的种种，将来多少会连结在一起。你得信任某个东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好，或者业力。这种作法从来没让我失望，我的人生因此变得完全不同。
有时候，人生会用砖头打你的头。不要丧失信心。我确信我爱我所做的事情，这就是这些年来支持我继续走下去的唯一理由（I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did）。你得找出你的最爱，工作上是如此，人生伴侣也是如此。你的工作将佔掉你人生的一大部分，唯一真正获得满足的方法就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而唯一做伟大工作的方法是爱你所做的事（And the only way to do great work is to love what you do）。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。而且，如同任何伟大的事业，事情只会随着时间愈来愈好。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。
我的第三个故事，是关于死亡。
当我十七岁时，我读到一则格言，好像是「把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻鬆自在。（If you live each day asif it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right）」这对我影响深远，在过去33年裡，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要做些什麽？」每当我连续太多天都得到一个「没事做」的答桉时，我就知道我必须有所改变了。
提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中面临重大决定时，所用过最重要的方法。因为几乎每件事－所有外界期望、所有的名声、所有对困窘或失败的恐惧－在面对死亡时，都消失了，只有最真实重要的东西才会留下（Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important）。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入畏惧失去的陷阱裡最好的方法。人生不带来、死不带去，没理由不能顺心而为。
你们的时间有限，所以不要浪费时间活在别人的生活裡。不要被教条所侷限–盲从教条就是活在别人思考结果裡。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声。最重要的，拥有追随自己内心与直觉的勇气，你的内心与直觉多少已经知道你真正想要成为什麽样的人（have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become），任何其他事物都是次要的。
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: ‘We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?’ They said: ‘Of course.’ My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did,our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down – that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: ‘If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.’ It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: ‘If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?’ And whenever the answer has been ‘No’ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.
This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This wasin the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
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如果你真正要运营一家电商类的网站，那么，你需要懂的可能需要非常多，能力超强才能做得好，做到盈利。而如果你只是一般的专员，还是蛮简单的，正常来说一般般的也有3~4k吧。其实网络相关的工作都是非常容易找的，关键是你的兴趣和能力。而如果你真的做了运营，那么，待遇不上限也不是没可能。
谢邀。献给每一位对未来彷徨的你，任何时候看这段演讲，都让人受益无穷。至少，我是。
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求知若渴，虚化若愚
转发：Steve Jobs 史丹福大学毕业演说: 求知若飢 大智若愚
【中文译文】
今天，我很荣幸同各位一起，来参加这个世界顶尖大学的毕业典礼。我从来没从大学毕业过，说实话，这是我离大学毕业最近的一刻。今天，我只说三个故事，不谈大道理，三个故事就好。
第一个故事，人生中的点点滴滴如何串连一起？
我在里德学院（Reed College）待了六个月就办休学了。到我退学前，一共休学了十八个月。那麽，我为什麽休学？
这得从我出生前讲起。我的亲生母亲当时是个研究生，年轻未婚妈妈，她决定让别人收养我。她强烈觉得应该让有大学毕业的人收养我，所以我出生时，她就准备让我被一对律师夫妇收养。但是这对夫妻到了最后一刻反悔了，他们想收养女孩。所以在等待收养名单上的一对夫妻，我的养父母，在一天半夜裡接到一通电话，问他们「有一名意外出生的男孩，你们要认养他吗？」而他们的回答是「当然要」。后来，我的生母发现，我现在的妈妈从来没有大学毕业，我现在的爸爸则连高中毕业也没有。她拒绝在认养文件上做最后签字。直到几个月后，我的养父母保证将来一定会让我上大学，她的态度才改变。
十七年后，我上大学了。但是当时我无知地选了一所学费几乎跟史丹佛一样贵的大学，我那工人阶级的父母将所有积蓄都花在我的学费上。六个月后，我看不出唸这个书的价值何在。那时候，我不知道这辈子要干什麽，也不知道唸大学能对我有什麽帮助，只知道我为了唸这个书，花光了我父母这辈子的所有积蓄，所以我决定休学，相信船到桥头自然直。
当时这个决定看来相当可怕，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过最好的决定之一。
当我休学之后，我再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课，把时间拿去听那些我有兴趣的课。这一点也不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在友人家裡的地板上，靠着回收可乐空罐的退费五分钱买吃的，每个星期天晚上得走七哩的路绕过大半个镇去印度教的Hare Krishna神庙吃顿好饭，我喜欢Hare Krishna神庙的饭。就这样追随我的好奇与直觉，大部分我所投入过的事务，后来看来都成了无比珍贵的经历（And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on）。
举个例来说。当时里德学院有着大概是全国最好的书写教育。校园内的每一张海报上，每个抽屉的标籤上，都是美丽的手写字。因为我休学了，可以不照正常选课程序来，所以我跑去上书写课。我学了serif与sanserif字体，学到在不同字母组合间变更字间距，学到活字印刷伟大的地方。书写的美好、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法掌握的，我觉得这很迷人。
我没预期过学这些东西能在我生活中起些什麽实际作用，不过十年后，当我在设计第一台麦金塔（Macintosh 电脑）时，我想起了当时所学的东西，所以把这些东西都设计进了麦金塔（Macintosh ）裡，这是第一台能印刷出漂亮东西的电脑。
如果我没沉溺于那样一门课裡，麦金塔（Macintosh ）可能就不会有多重字体跟等比例间距字体了。又因为Windows抄袭了麦金塔的使用方式（听众鼓掌大笑），因此，如果当年我没有休学，没有去上那门书写课，大概所有的个人电脑都不会有这些东西，印不出现在我们看到的漂亮的字来了。当然，当我还在大学裡时，不可能把这些点点滴滴预先串连在一起，但在十年后的今天回顾，一切就显得非常清楚。
我再说一次，你无法预先把每件事情点点滴滴串连起来；只有在未来回顾时，你才会明白那一桩桩小事，点点滴滴是如何串在一起的（you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards）。所以你得相信，眼前你经历的种种，将来多少会连结在一起。你得信任某个东西，直觉也好，命运也好，生命也好，或者业力。这种作法从来没让我失望，我的人生因此变得完全不同。
我的第二个故事，是有关爱与失去。
我很幸运－年轻时就发现自己爱做什麽事。我二十岁时，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸妈的车库裡开始了苹果电脑的事业。我们拼命工作，苹果电脑在十年间从一间车库裡的两个小伙子扩展成了一家员工超过四千人、市价二十亿美金的公司，在那事件之前一年推出了我们最棒的作品－麦金塔电脑（Macintosh），那时我才刚迈入三十岁，然后我被解僱了。
我怎麽会被自己创办的公司给解僱了？ 嗯，当苹果电脑成长后，我请了一个我以为在经营公司上很有才干的傢伙来，他在头几年也确实干得不错。可是我们对未来的愿景不同，最后只好分道扬镳，董事会站在他那边，就这样在我30岁的时候，公开把我给解僱了。我失去了整个生活的重心，我的人生就这样被摧毁。有几个月，我不知道要做些什麽。我觉得我令企业界的前辈们失望－我把他们交给我的接力棒弄丢了。我见了创办HP的David Packard跟创办Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他们说很抱歉我把事情给搞砸了。我成了公众眼中失败的示范，我甚至想要离开硅谷。
但是渐渐的，我发现，我还是喜爱那些我做过的事情，在苹果电脑中经历的那些事丝毫没有改变我爱做的事。虽然我被否定了，可是我还是爱做那些事情，所以我决定从头来过。
当时我没发现，但现在看来，被苹果电脑开除，是我所经历过最好的事情。成功的沉重被从头来过的轻鬆所取代，每件事情都不那麽确定，让我自由进入这辈子最有创意的年代。
接下来五年，我开了一家叫做 NeXT的公司，又开一家叫做Pixar的公司，我爱上了一个充满魅力的女性，Laurene，她后来同我结婚成为了我的妻子。Pixar接着製作了世界上第一部全电脑动画电影，玩具总动员（Toy Story），现在是世界上最成功的动画製作公司（听众鼓掌大笑）。然后，苹果电脑买下了NeXT，我回到了苹果，我们在NeXT发展的技术成了苹果电脑后来复兴的核心部份。
我也有了一个美好的家庭。我很确定，如果当年苹果电脑没开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这帖药很苦口，可是我想苹果电脑这个病人需要这帖药。
有时候，人生会用砖头打你的头。不要丧失信心。我确信我爱我所做的事情，这就是这些年来支持我继续走下去的唯一理由（I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did）。你得找出你的最爱，工作上是如此，人生伴侣也是如此。你的工作将佔掉你人生的一大部分，唯一真正获得满足的方法就是做你相信是伟大的工作，而唯一做伟大工作的方法是爱你所做的事（And the only way to do great work is to love what you do）。如果你还没找到这些事，继续找，别停顿。尽你全心全力，你知道你一定会找到。而且，如同任何伟大的事业，事情只会随着时间愈来愈好。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。
我的第三个故事，是关于死亡。
当我十七岁时，我读到一则格言，好像是「把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会轻鬆自在。（If you live each day asif it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right）」这对我影响深远，在过去33年裡，我每天早上都会照镜子，自问：「如果今天是此生最后一日，我今天要做些什麽？」每当我连续太多天都得到一个「没事做」的答桉时，我就知道我必须有所改变了。
提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中面临重大决定时，所用过最重要的方法。因为几乎每件事－所有外界期望、所有的名声、所有对困窘或失败的恐惧－在面对死亡时，都消失了，只有最真实重要的东西才会留下（Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important）。提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入畏惧失去的陷阱裡最好的方法。人生不带来、死不带去，没理由不能顺心而为。
一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我在早上七点半作断层扫描，在胰脏清楚出现一个肿瘤，我连胰脏是什麽都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，预计我大概活不到三到六个月了。医生建议我回家，好好跟亲人们聚一聚，这是医生对临终病人的标准建议。那代表你得试着在几个月内把你将来十年想跟小孩讲的话讲完。那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才会尽量轻鬆。那代表你得跟人说再见了。
我整天想着那个诊断结果，那天晚上做了一次切片，从喉咙伸入一个内视镜，穿过胃进到肠子，将探针伸进胰脏，取了一些肿瘤细胞出来。我打了镇静剂，不醒人事，但是我老婆在场。她后来跟我说，当医生们用显微镜看过那些细胞后，他们都哭了，因为那是非常少见的一种胰脏癌，可以用手术治好。所以我接受了手术，康复了。这是我最接近死亡的时候，我希望那会继续是未来几十年内最接近的一次。经历此事后，我可以比先前死亡只是纯粹想像时，要能更肯定地告诉你们下面这些：没有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想活着上天堂。
但是死亡是我们共同的终点，没有人逃得过。这是注定的，因为死亡很可能就是生命中最棒的发明，是生命交替的媒介，送走老人们，给新生代开出道路。现在你们是新生代，但是不久的将来，你们也会逐渐变老，被送出人生的舞台。抱歉讲得这麽戏剧化，但是这是真的。
你们的时间有限，所以不要浪费时间活在别人的生活裡。不要被教条所侷限–盲从教条就是活在别人思考结果裡。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内在的心声。最重要的，拥有追随自己内心与直觉的勇气，你的内心与直觉多少已经知道你真正想要成为什麽样的人（have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become），任何其他事物都是次要的。
在我年轻时，有本神奇的杂志叫做《Whole Earth Catalog》，当年这可是我们的经典读物。那是一位住在离这不远的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand发行的，他把杂志办得很有诗意。那是1960年代末期，个人电脑跟桌上出版还没出现，所有内容都是打字机、剪刀跟拍立得相机做出来的。杂志内容有点像印在纸上的平面Google，在Google出现之前35年就有了：这本杂志很理想主义，充满新奇工具与伟大的见解。
Stewart跟他的团队出版了好几期的《Whole Earth Catalog》，然后很自然的，最后出了停刊号。当时是1970年代中期，我正是你们现在这个年龄的时候。在停刊号的封底，有张清晨乡间小路的照片，那种你四处搭便车冒险旅行时会经过的乡间小路。在照片下印了行小字：求知若飢，虚心若愚（Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish）。那是他们亲笔写下的告别讯息，我总是以此自许。当你们毕业，展开新生活，我也以此祝福你们。
求知若飢，虚心若愚
Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish。
非常谢谢大家。
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【英文原稿 Speech Transcript 】
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: ‘We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?’ They said: ‘Of course.’ My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it’s likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did,our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down – that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: ‘If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.’ It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: ‘If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?’ And whenever the answer has been ‘No’ for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure – these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.
This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope it’s the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This wasin the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: ‘Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.’ It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
运营和策划 先从底层的打杂 开始吧~切记好高骛远
被题主邀约写下简单的一些东西。
就题主说的两方面来进行回答，1.现状；2.未来。
（题主所提及的“策划”，在目前电商行业里主要以活动策划的形式来工作，其实更多已经合并到了运营的工作里面，或者由运营助理来完成实操部分。所以“策划”我就不再多表，你可以直接看作是运营工作中的一个子工作）
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1.现状：
电子商务的发展多蓬勃，从各大新闻报道中我不再多加描述，随着电商突起，一些伴随着电商行业从而衍生的新兴职业也呈树形发展模式开枝散叶。我仅就题主所问的电商运营与策划来展开。
电商运营，在国内的环境下，电商运营起到了承上启下的中间层作用。及时梳理老板意见，清晰反馈给下属执行，整理同行优劣，打通活动资源，优化线上数据，处理售后矛盾，买饭送水帮打卡……
而目前的电商运营能力可以说是极为参差不齐，在杭广上资源集中地区，电子商务运营已经开始能形成统一化的操作管理制度，而在其他省份，很多运营还在面对着难以和老板沟通的困境。所以，选择一个成熟的电商公司加入，通过不断地学习行业知识，是题主若想入行首先要进行的第一步。
2.未来：
较短期目标来看，无非是两种，第一种在公司中不断上进，由基层爬上管理层。享受公司福利。第二种即是出来单飞，如果有能力自己运营起一个类目商品，自然要比朝九晚五上班拿死工资拼业绩还是强不少。不过利弊自然都会有，前一种还有固定假期可以好好休息，后一种自己不努力就要被淘汰。。看似自由。。其实更容易累成狗。
行业的未来，首先肯定是运营规范化，系统化。现在国家是管得松，一旦国家正儿八经真把精力放在电商行业整治上了，很多擦边球行业肯定要被抹杀（刷单、假货、伪代、淘客假链等），正因为行业的迅速发展，国家为了把持监控能力，自然会对以后电商行业立法成规。目前大环境下行业内部发展速度不一，大店吃小店，小店赚吆喝也屡见不鲜，所以作为行业中还未起步的你，要走的路还太长太长……
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随便写一点大概念的东西，基本无干货。这些分析也帮不上你，说真的。下面开始说老实话：
1.学什么专业和做电商无冲突，你喜欢就来干。来干了就不要半途而废。
2.每天抽出一些时间关注行业新闻和行业规则，真心受益匪浅。
3.行业发展前景对个人来说，真的无太大帮助，事在人为，若你真是天赋异禀，你一定可以在这个行业做得好。
4.楼上没一个是在老实回答你的问题，基本都跑偏了。讲干货的我突然来扯些大概念，累觉不爱。
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最后打个广告：
寻求细分类目高利润商品（不接护肤化妆品，女包，女装），16年准备接几个款做做，非代运营公司，个人带团队做运营。不收代运营费用，只抽成商品利润。有意向微信我：cang-qiao
以上。
泻药，建议你做。
很巧我的团队也有两个是建筑专业的人，毕业两年目前在我刚建立的新团队已经成长为行业上层的技术人员，如果一直在我的团队将来的收入至少在1.5万每月以上。
说几点田老认为对你有用的：
1、专业对职业选择不重要，尤其是电商这一行是这样。当然如果你是电脑、营销、美学相关专业会加分，但是对电商而言这个加分真的可以忽略。
2、电商本身是还不成熟，但是还是快速发展，这叫行业蓝海，尽管他已经发展好几年了。在一个蓝海的行业发展总是更快更容易。听过在风口上猪都会飞起来吗。
3、行业人才现状。这个行业人才需求缺口非常大，但是从业人员普遍浮躁，技术水平低，跳槽频繁，企业又苦于招不到人才，这叫竞争小。但是牛逼的运营推广、设计策划人员工资水平很容易会很高。
4、技能要求。这个行业对人员的悟性要求较高。需要人的学习能力强、勤奋、发散思维。如果你是这样的人，即使没有人带你，你也很快会成为行业精英。
这是个练习很丰富的行业，可以做卖家，做第三方服务商，可以做自由人，做淘宝客，做培训，做资源。只要你在这个行业有真本事，可选择性也很强。
。。。。。。我是分割线。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。补充。。。。。
看了几个答案，我觉得他们都是偏激和认识不清。理由如下：
1、对于提问者，提问者应该是关心的是自己的前途如何，何为前途，自己能挣多少钱，有怎样的事业，根本是能力，挣钱的能力。但是其他人关注的是一家企业能不能挣到钱。这完全是两回事，一个人有能力可能并不能让一家企业挣到钱，但是这个人到其他地方就能挣到钱，因为他有核心竞争力。为什么个人的挣钱能力和企业的挣钱能力应该是有区别的呢，因为一家企业能不能挣到钱不只是和个人有关，还有很多其他因素，但是牛逼的人很容易找到自己能挣钱的地方。作为个体应该关注自己能不能真正快速的成长， 对自己所在的平台尽心就好。而题主显然关注的是前者。
2、其他人显然对很多淘宝运营有偏见。我说过淘宝行业有很多人技术水平并不高，浮躁，这是事实，但是也有很多人是有真水平的。只是真的水平你要怎样去理解呢。很多时候，而且越来越是这样，那就是做好一家淘宝店或者天猫店，需要的是产品、视觉、推广、团队中这几个因素的多个都要做的很好。很多牛逼的人可能做一家淘宝店很好，另一家就做不好，是因为每个团队的资源不一样。但是这并不代表这个运营或者推广、设计师、职业经理人不牛逼，也不代表这个人要自己开家店才能证明这个人牛逼，这完全是混蛋逻辑。我认为只要这个人把自己所负责的领域做到极致就是很牛逼而且令人敬佩了。类比一下：如果一个国家失业率连年高居不下，换了很多领导人也是这样，然后出现一个领导人立即吧失业率下降一半，此时虽然失业率依然严重，你能说这个领导人不牛逼吗？如果一个发动机很先进，让汽车更省油更有力，然后你说有本事你这个发动机让牛车也赶上汽车的水平啊！这不是可笑吗。我就是推广TP，我解决的问题是让众多家店铺的付费推广预算更加具有效率，至于店铺能不能挣钱，还要看综合因素，但是我所负责的部分已经做到了极好，问心无愧，也挣到钱了。
3、有个答主，在TP做了一年就做成了策划总监，这发展速度真的不慢的。但是策划总监我们要怎么看待这个职位呢？其实在电商行业好的策划人员是很重要的，但是是对大店很重要的，对小店很容易被忽视。在小店策划人员工资很低，在大店策划人员可高可低。
4、如果单纯从自身来讲，就应该去TP，因为TP的数据丰富，人才多，资源也丰富，你能见到众多类目的情况，同一个技术在各个产品下的实际反馈。当然了，要去一个挣钱的TP公司，那些连个牛逼的技术人员都没有的TP，那是骗子公司和碰运气公司。
最后再说一遍我的口头禅，专注钻展，我是田老。我只关心我负责的部分是否做到了极致。
谢邀。懂线下生态 其他的什么产品体验啊 大数据啊 鸡血激情都是虚的。中国现状就是人民群众日益增长的追求高逼格生活需求和暂缺的低价高品质商品的矛盾 所以假货 a货 忽悠货还会继续流行一段时间 大量没有营销资源的中小厂家也需要抱大牌子生存 这是关系到国计民生的大势。 那些喷淘宝卖假货的其实就是没看懂这个生态现状。
所以中国电商的本质 是帮助中小厂商和更小的手工业者生存 搞定了这点 开始去做切入做调研 网络 也就仅仅是一个渠道了。
运营是什么？
我做了好几年的运营，但是也说不清楚，有时候需要自己操刀上阵写文案、做设计图；有时候需要冲锋陷阵帮忙攻克客户的最后一道心理堡垒；有时候需要与上司老板费力周旋，说服他们不要斤斤计较于眼前；有时候需要帮助市场部策划能深入客户心智的深刻的或肤浅的活动；有时候就是在不停的沟通沟通推广推广……你可以给运营加一个非常有说服力的概念，但是依然不能固定所有的工作范围，所以，运营是一个弹性非常大的岗位，你必需站在行业的高度考虑问题，但是又得放低到客服和推广的角度来执行。做好了，你是老板的智囊，做不好，就是一打杂的……
策划是什么？
记得看过一名人说过，你的主意很好，但是它只是一个Idea，不是一个策划。策划与创意点子的区别是什么？区别就是可以在多大程度上执行。好的策划案绝对不是一个刚刚入职，对公司只是肤浅的了解，对行业也懵懵懂懂的新人写出来的，那些点子再花哨，执行起来必定有问题。一场策划成功，创意只是起步，文案只是装饰，立意才是根本，执行才是关键，活动效果最终检验。所以，一般情况下，会将运营和策划结合在一起一来说，非常不看好一些公司高价去买策划案，说白了那也只是为了开拓一下思路而已，从来没有能直接拿过来就能用的。
这就是我关于运营和策划的理解，这样之后，你就应该明白，这个岗位是需要对产品、行业和公司状况都有深入的了解之后才能玩的转的，所以，必定不适合拿来起步。建议从事自己擅长或者感兴趣的行业，没有基础的话，从简单的推广或者客服开始，积累了一些行业知识之后，再跳糟吧……
谢邀
运营考验的是大局观，逻辑思维，管理、执行能力等综合素质。策划相对来说主要是创意性，文案，临场反应。
哪个职位做优秀了都不是易事。从长远说运营更需要经验积累，属于越老越吃香的职业。
1，这基本上就相当于企业管理咨询
2，你没有任何这方面的优势。最重要的是，你没有行业经验。
3，即使你有，说服企业家为了自己的电子商务网站而雇用你的公司是非常困难的。他们更相信看得到的东西，比如做出来一个网站，而不是给一份报告说如何提高网络销售
4，实际上，国内企业乃至国外企业都有各种管理问题，电子商务是一方面。
5，如果你做管理咨询也许更容易点，可以把企业流程和销售管理也纳入package
6，你一定要设法在某个行业里做几年，最好把每个部分都做了，你才能知道企业是什么，应该如何改进。否则都是纸上谈兵。
——————第二天想想还是该来再写点东西——————-
恩，再回过神来看看题目，还好没变—-现状以及前景
评论有人说前景不错，我不想说啥。
评论有人说做过渡不错，能短时间的学会很多平台的运营方法，这哥们一看是内行人。
评论有人说报价不对，我觉得这个就看你本事了，你要有本事忽悠来2000W也是你的（别笑，这种忽悠在TP就是这么常见，我答应你2000W给你达到2个亿的销售，最后没达成，我就各种细分工作跟你算，算来算去退你1000w，我还是赚1000w，所以有人说TP就是在圈钱，怎么看大家自便）。
其实说到底，我只是在谈论关于TP运营和策划的职业前景而已。
恩，说到这里该明白的应该要明白了，不明白了说多了也不明白。
想了下，觉得应该说说TP的一些构成；
1.运营部（主要是旺铺的运营，各类活动、烧车、数据优化、导流、刷单等等）
2.策划部（写写文案、策划活动、规划产品等等）
3.电销部（这个部门B2B托管比较多，就是电话销售）
4.美工部（主要是页面的视觉设计，当然你要说好听点也可以换个名字）
5.其他部门（可能有新媒体部、各种项目部等，当然还有HR）
想了下，觉得还应该说说TP公司领导层的构成；
1.前BAT员工：
这个板块占了很大很大的比例，基本现在外面做的比较不错公司的主要领导层都是从BAT出来的，至于为什么，我不想多说大家心里都应该有答案（据说阿里前几年对电销团队进行了大清洗，本人没在阿里呆过，具体情况不得而知。同时结合后文就能理解为什么这么多TP喜欢阿里的文化又学不像了。）
2.通过自我吹捧的各种光怪陆离：
我见过的有从社交门户混起来的所谓大咖；有做培训讲师出身的所为专家；有初中毕业的互联网巨鳄；有记者转行的所谓互联网资深媒体人（恩，这段并不是以偏概全，现在充斥在各种代运营公司管理层中的的的确确存在这些人，当然，确是真有本事的大咖，但不多）
3.有资深运营经验、产品经验的专业人士：
不得不说，因为最近几年互联网产业发展的太快，人才的学习沉淀和发展远远没有跟上行业进步的速度，所以这类人相对来说比较少。
恩，总结起来是一句：乌烟瘴气，忽悠多，实学少，行业发展不健康（不喜勿喷）
——————以上二更——————-
TP千万不要去！！！！
TP千万不要去！！！！
TP千万不要去！！！！
重要的事情说三遍。
恩，这的的确确是一个问题，关于电子商务的运营和策划这样的职业的前景如何。
毕业之后就就进了一家TP公司做策划，慢慢爬了一年多也就爬到策划总监了，觉得对于这个答案我还是比较有发言权。
——————我就是出来溜溜，没打算带走谁的心——————-
（1）以下就是我个人的观点，有人喷的话我敬谢不敏；
（2）对于那些做培训的，开渠道，做运营的就别来BIBI了；
（3）只是给刚刚毕业的人最诚恳的建议，选择由人；
（4）不管选择什么公司、项目职业，做到极致，你都是最牛逼的。
好了，开始说我的废话了：
（一）、TP是什么：TaoBao Partner的缩写，中文为“淘拍档”，实际上就是做淘宝网店代运营。
（二）、为什么不能进TP：
（1）.做服务的企业，而且还是电子商务代运营服务的，赚不了什么钱
先说B2B，杭州做的比较不错的应该算是四喜、安歌、小A，最低端的全年托管，我见过最低的的价格应该是1.8K，最高的不超过5W。至于天猫和京东，没什么可比性，服务费大的一年给你三十万算不错了，问题是现在天猫前几名都是线下的实体品牌，他们都有自己的电子商务运营部，和TP没关系。恩，三十万的客户一年你能有几个？
（2）.TP太喜欢打无用的鸡血
互联网企业，不，应该说是代运营的电子商务公司非常喜欢打鸡血，动不动就谈梦想，企图通过这种似有似无的东西来禁锢员工的思想，试图达到让员工死心塌地的不要工资全天候工作。恩，不知道这种东西是不是和阿里巴巴学的，可惜的是只学到了形没有学到神。（我觉得这段有必要解释一下，不然会被喷死。我对阿里巴巴的员工激励和企业文化是很欣赏的，但是不得不说现在社会上很多企业都把好东西糟蹋了）
（3）.这类企业变动太快，入不敷出即死的大有人在
毕业之后进入一家相对稳妥的、已经有固定渠道的、商业模式健康的公司去开始自己步入社会的第一堂课是非常非常重要的。我在杭州，这里每年生生死死的TP公司超过500家。两个月没单子就活不下去了，然后团队解散各奔东西的事情太常见了。
如果你遇到这样的事情，那么你就是在浪费生命，浪费了能短时间快速融入社会的好契机。
（三）、现在什么样的电子商务企业可能比较好
（1）.自营平台（大的比如阿里巴巴、小的比如各类细分市场的垂直电商，我现在的企业做地图的，也自己开了个跨级电商平台）
（2）.互联网地产（这个不好说太多，包括各类互联网园区的运营、规划、建设等等）
（3）.互联网媒体
选择可以很多，但决定在于自己
经验可以学习，但成事在于自己
祝你找到自己心仪的工作，前程似锦！